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American Ethnobotanists Richard Evans Schultes, Dennis McKenna Discuss Hallucinogenic Plant Medicines, More

8/18/2015

 
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Harvard Ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes conducted groundbreaking plant research in the Amazon rainforests in the 1940s. After WWII began, the United States government sent Schultes to the South America to investigate disease-resistant rubber plants needed for war effort and to research curare, a plant medicine that had been as a muscle relaxant since the 1930s. Until then, curare was only known to modern medicine as an Amazon dart poison. 

In the 1950s, Schultes was the first to write about ayahuasca in academic journals. ​N,N-dimethyltryptaine (DMT) is the hallucinogenic constituent of the South American shamanic brew ayahuasca. Schultes, who lived among indigenous communities who used ayahuasca for spiritual and medicinal purposes, was the first to describe ayahuasca tea in Western academic journals.

In 1976, Schultes authored Hallucinogenic Plants: A Golden Guide, a layman's guide to hallucinogenic plants.

Ayahuasca tea is made from the Banisteriopsis caapi vine combined with DMT-containing Psychotria viridis and/or Diplopterys cabrerana. 
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​B. caapi contains a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that inhibits the breakdown of DMT (a monoamine) by monoamine oxidase enzymes located in the human digestive tract. 
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Banisteriopsis caapi
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Psychotria viridis
Consumption of DMT in an ayahuasca tea formulation allows absorption of DMT into the body and creates an extended experience that last a few hours. The fact that ayahuasca comes from a tea made from multiple plants makes it difficult to study in the United States.
​Forword by Schultes
Hallucinogenic Plants: A Golden Guide
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More on harmala and other alkaloids: Drugs of Perception ​
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Schultes 1990 Interview: Discovering the Source of
Curare, ​Ayahuasca, and the Importance of Plant Medicines

​Learn more about Schultes' South American Adventures
Peyote to LSD: A Psychedelic Odyssey

​
Botanist, Ethnopharmacologist, author of Brotherhood of the Screaming Abyss: My Life with Terence McKenna, Dennis McKenna, PhD:
  • ​​​McKenna: Ayahuasca: An Ethnopharmacologic History

  • Minnesota Public Radio Interviews Ethno-Pharmacologist, ​Plant & Entheogenic Medicine Expert, Dennis McKenna
    ​
  • McKenna: The Experiment at La Chorrera
    ​
  • VICE: Dennis & Terence McKenna: An Intellectual Dyad​​​
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​Here, McKenna discusses drug, set, and setting:

​Importance of Drug, Set, and Setting:
Addiction Specialist Gabor Maté, M.D.
Psychiatrist Julie Holland, M.D.
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​Ethnobotanist Mark Plotkin talks about his hero, Schultes,
and "what the people of the Amazon know that you don't."
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Albert Hofmann, Richard Evans Schultes, Gastón
​Guzmán, and R. Gordon Wasson behind Dr. Guzmán.
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Source: Mushroomjohn.com. Click for link.
Mushroom Expert and Student of Guzmán,
​Paul Stamets, Details ​the Discovery of Psilocybin
​Mushrooms by R. Gordon Wasson


Shamans of the Amazon:
Ayahuasca, Politics ​& the War on Drugs
​

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The Veterans Affairs Healthcare System is arguably the best we have in the United States, yet even it cannot provide adequate mental health care to patients. We must do better in the United States and it must start with large-scale, culturally competent, government-sponsored research of classic hallucinogens and mindfulness. Both are archaic means of resilience that will not bankrupt the nation. 
  • Why is there a Lack of Mental Health Care?
  • Could Psilocybin Be Useful in Treating Anxiety and Depression in Homebound Older Adults?
  • Vets, report: VA care hard to get for mental health​
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Click for link.
​Mental Health Argument for Psychedelics:
The Kennedys, Addiction, and America's Top Psychiatrist
​
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Stunting Growth of Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Pain Meds: Meditation Better than Placebo, Meditation & Psychedelic Psychotherapy Better than Overprescribing

Courageous Heffter-Funded Work at UAB School of Public Health that Changes Perceptions & Could Change Your World
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The Awe-Inspiring Power of Positive Emotions

Scientists Put Shamanic Medicine Under The Microscope

Huffington Post: In an unlikely collaboration with Amazonian shamans, medical researchers seek a cure for autoimmune disease.
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A New Understanding: The Science of Psilocybin
R. Gordon Wasson Discovers "Magic Mushrooms" in the
Mountains of Oaxaca. Psilocybe Mushrooms Now a Crucial Part
of Mental Health Research and Understanding Brain Circuitry.


Botanical Dimensions Gives Western Culture an Unfiltered
Look at Plant Medicines, Ethnobotany, and Culture
​
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​
Dr. Gabor Maté, M.D., discusses how ayahuasca offers addicts insight into self-destructive behaviors 
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Addiction, Culture, Ayahuasca... and Drug Policy
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